Nasal Congestion (Nasal Obstruction)
Nasal congestion is an important ENT condition that makes breathing difficult and negatively affects quality of life.
Nasal congestion (nasal obstruction) is a common health problem that interferes with normal breathing and can significantly reduce quality of life.
The nose is our primary breathing organ. It warms, humidifies, and filters the air we inhale by removing foreign particles, allergens, and microorganisms. This process allows oxygen to be absorbed more efficiently into the bloodstream when the air reaches the lungs.
During breathing, the resistance created by airflow inside the nose also helps the lower respiratory tract and lungs expand more effectively—a mechanism known as the naso-pulmonary reflex.
One of the most important structures responsible for these functions is the inferior turbinates (lower nasal conchae). These structures contain a rich network of blood vessels and regulate airflow by adjusting the temperature, humidity, and filtration of inhaled air depending on environmental conditions.
However, when the inferior turbinates enlarge due to various reasons—a condition known as turbinate hypertrophy—they can block airflow and cause nasal congestion. This is one of the most common causes of chronic nasal blockage.
Because of their critical role, treatments targeting the turbinates must be carefully planned. The goal is to reduce their size while preserving their function. Except in rare cases, they should not be completely removed.
When nasal breathing is impaired and a person breathes through the mouth, oxygen absorption in the lungs decreases. Over time, this can lead to reduced oxygen levels in the blood, which may trigger physiological responses affecting blood pressure (hypertension), heart rhythm, and even heart function.
Additionally, nasal congestion can lead to:
- Frequent throat infections
- Dryness in the throat
- Sleep disturbances
- Snoring
- Sleep apnea
All of these factors significantly impact overall health and quality of life.
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